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s gm6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com ju ly 201 5 C r e v. a. 2 general description the sgm6232 is a current - mode step - down regulator with an internal power mosfet. this device achieves 2a continuous output current over a wide input supply range from 4.5v to 38v with excellent load and line regulations. the switching frequency of sgm6232 is 1.4mhz and current mode operation provides fast transient response and eases loop stabilization. the sgm6232 is highly efficient with peak efficiency at 91% wh en in operation. in shutdown mode the regulator draws less than 18a of supply current. protection features include cycle - by - cycle current limit and thermal shutdown. the device also includes an internal soft - start and an external adjustable soft - start fun ction to limit the inrush current and prevent the overshoot of output voltage. the sgm6232 is available in green soic - 8 (exposed pad) package and requires a minimum number of readily available external components to complete a 2a step - down dc/dc converter solution. features 2a output current high efficiency: up to 91% 4.5v to 38v input voltage range < 18a shutdown supply current 100m internal power mosfet switch fixed 1.4mhz switching frequency output adjustable from 0.8v to 28v cycle - by - cycle current limit protection thermal shutdown protection under - voltage lockout stable with low esr ceramic capacitors - 40 to +85 operating temperature range available in green soic - 8 (exposed pad) package applications distributed power sy stems battery chargers flat panel tvs set - top boxes pre - regulator for linear regulators cigarette lighter powered devices dvd/pvr devices typical application in bs sw fb comp gnd ss en sgm6232 c5 10nf input 4.5v to 38v enable output 3.3v/2a c4 0.1f r3 10k r2 10.5k r1 33k l 4.7h c3 5.6nf c in 22f ceramic cap recommended c out 47f d1 b340a c6 optional r4 10 or shorted figure 1 . typical application circuit 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 efficiency (%) load current (a) v out = 5.0v v out = 3.3v v in = 12v a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 2 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com package/ordering information model package description specified temperature range ordering number package marking packing option sgm6232 soic -8 (exposed pad) -40 to +85 sgm6232yps8g/tr sgm 6232yps8 xxxxx tape and reel, 2500 note: xxxxx = date code and vendor code. green (rohs & hsf): sg micro corp defines "green" to mean pb - free (rohs compatible) and free of halogen substances. if you have additional comments or questions, please contact your sgmicro representative directly. absolute ma ximum ratings supply voltage , v in ............................................ - 0.3v to 40v sw voltage , v sw ....................................... - 0.5v to v in + 0.3v boost voltage , v bs ............................. v sw - 0.3v to v sw + 6v all other pins ....................................................... - 0.3v to 6v package thermal resistance soic - 8 (exposed pad) , ja ....................................... 50 /w operating temperature range ...................... -40 to +85 junction temperature ................................................. + 150 storage temperature range ....................... -65 to +150 lead temperature (soldering, 10s) ............................ + 260 esd susceptibility hbm ............................................................................. 4000v mm ................................................................................. 200v overstress caution stresses beyond those listed may cause permanent damage to the device. functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational section of the specification is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect reliability. esd sensitivity caution this integrated circuit can be damaged by esd if you dont pay attention to esd protection. sgmicro recommends that all integrated circuits be handled with appropriate precautions. failure to observe proper handling and installation procedures can cause damage . esd damage can range from subtle performance degradation to complete device failure. precision integrated circuits may be more susceptible to damage because very small parametric changes could cause the device not to meet its published specifications. d isclaimer sg micro corp reserves the right to make any change in circuit design, specification or other related things if necessary without notice at any time. a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 3 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com pin configuration (top view) 3 1 2 gnd bs sw 4 6 8 7 5 in fb ss comp en gnd soic -8 (exposed pad) pin description pin name function 1 bs high - side gate drive boost input. bs supplies the driver for the high - side n - channel mosfet switch. connect a 10nf or greater capacitor from sw to bs to power the high - side switch. a 10? resistor placed between sw and bs cap is strongly recommended to reduce sw spike voltage. 2 in power input. in supplies the power to the ic, as well as the step - down converter switches. drive in with a 4.5v to 38v power source. bypass in to gnd with a sufficiently large capacitor to eliminate noise on the input to the ic. 3 sw power switching output. sw is the switching node that supplies power to the output. connect the output lc filter from sw to the output load. note that a capacitor is required from sw to bs to power the high - side switch. 4 gnd ground. (connect the exposed pad on backside to pin 4.) 5 fb feedback input. the voltage at this pin is regulated to 0.8v. connected to the resistor divider between output and ground to set output voltage. 6 comp compensation node. comp is used to compensate the regulation control loop. connect a series rc network from comp to gnd to compensate the regulation control loop. in some cases, an additional capacitor from comp to gnd is required. 7 en enable input. en is a digital input that turns the regulator on or off. drive en high to turn on the regulator, and drive en low to turn it off. output voltage is discharged when the ic is off. for automatic startup, leave en unconnected. 8 ss soft- start control input. ss controls the soft - start period. connect a capacitor from ss to gnd to set the soft - start period. a 0.1f capacitor sets the soft - start period to 10ms. to disable the soft - start feature, leave ss unconnected. exposed pad gnd power ground exposed pad. must be connected to gnd plane. a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 4 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com electrical characteristics (v in = 12v, t a = +25 , unless otherwise noted.) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units input voltage range v in 4.5 38 v feedback voltage v fb 0.776 0.8 0.824 v shutdown supply current i shdn v en = 0v 10 18 a quiescent supply current i q v en = 2.6v, v fb = 1v 0.8 1.7 ma high - side switch (m1) on - resistance r onh 100 m low - side switch (m2) on - resistance r onl 10 error amplifier transconductance g ea ?v fb = 12.5mv 500 800 1120 a/v error amplifier voltage gain a ea 10000 v/v sw leakage current i lsw v en = 0v, v sw = 0v 1 a current limit i lim 4.2 a current sense to comp transconductance g cs 6.2 a/v maximum duty cycle d max v fb = 0.6v 80 % minimum duty cycle d min v fb = 1v 0 % en threshold voltage v ih 1.2 v en threshold voltage v il 0.4 v en pull - up current v en = 0v 0.8 1.4 2 a oscillator frequency f osc 1.15 1.4 1.6 mhz short circuit oscillator frequency v fb = 0v 140 khz under - voltage lockout threshold v in rising 3.5 3.8 4.2 v under - voltage lockout threshold hysteresis 230 mv soft - start period c ss = 0.1f 10 ms thermal shutdown temperature t shdn 160 a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 5 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com typical performance characteristics v in = 12v, c in = 22f, c out = 47f and t a = +25 , unless otherwise noted. 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 efficiency (%) load current (a) efficiency vs. load current v out = 5v v out = 2.4v v in = 24v 0.77 0.78 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.83 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 feedback voltage (v) temperature ( ) feedback voltage vs. temperature 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 efficiency (%) load current (a) efficiency vs. load current v out = 5v v out = 3.3v v in = 12v 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 efficiency (%) load current (a) efficiency vs. load current v out = 5v v in = 36v a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 6 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com typical performance characteristics (continued) v in = 12v, c in = 22 f, c out = 47f and t a = +25 , unless otherwise noted. startup through enable startup through enable v en v out v sw i l 1v/div 1v/div 10v/div 2a/div v en v out v sw i l 1v/div 1v/div 10v/div 2a/div time (400s/div) time (4ms/div) load transient response shutdown through enable v out i l i load 100mv/div 1a/div 1a/div v en v out v sw i l 1v/div 1v/div 10v/div 2a/div time (100s/div) time (200 s/div) steady state operation v out v sw i l 20mv/div 10v/div 2a/div time (400ns/div) no soft - start cap, v out = 3.3 v, i out = 1.5a (resistance load) c4 = 0.1 f, v out = 3.3 v, i out = 1.5a (resistance load) ac coupled v out = 3.3 v , i out = 1a to 2 a step v out = 3.3 v , i out = 1.5a (resistance load) ac coupled v out = 1.8 v , i out = 1.5a a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 7 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com operation the sgm6232 is a current - mode step - down regulator. it regulates input voltage s from 4.5v to 38v down to an output voltage as low as 0.8v, and is able to supply up to 2a of load current. the sgm6232 uses current - mode control to regulate the output voltage. the output voltage is measured at fb through a resistive voltage divider and amplified through the internal error amplifier. the output current of the transconductance error amplifier is presented at comp where a network compensates the regulation control system. the voltage at comp is compared to the switch current measured internally to control the output voltage. the converter uses an interna l n -c hannel mosfet switch to step - down the input voltage to the regulated output voltage. a boost capacitor connected between sw and bs drives the gate of mosfet, and makes it greater than input voltage while sw is high. thus, the mosfet will be in low resistance conducting state. the capacitor is internally charged while sw is low. an internal 10 switch from sw to gnd is used to e nsure that sw is pulled to gnd during shutdown to fully charge the bs capacitor. soft - start the device includes a soft - start to limit the inrush current and prevent the overshoot of output voltage. the soft - start time can be programmed by the external soft - start capacitor and it is calculated as: t ss = 100k c ss for example, c ss =0.1f corresponds to a 10ms soft - start time. to get perfect power on start performance, right soft - start time must be added to adjust the sequence between power supply and the output voltage in order to guarantee the self - boost capacitor is charged cor rectly. usually a 1f c ss is good enough, if the power supply is decoupled by big input capacitor , a long soft - start time is preferred. a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 8 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com application information setting the output voltage the output voltage is set using a resistive voltage divider from the output voltage to fb pin. the voltage divider divides the output voltage down to the feedback voltage by the ratio: r2r1 r2 vv out fb + = where v fb is the feedback voltage and v out is the output voltage. thus the output voltage is: 2r 2r1r 8.0v out + = t he value for r2 can be as high as 100k, but a typical value is 10k. using that value, r1 is determined by: r1 = 12.5 (v out - 0.8) (k) for example, for a 3.3v output voltage, r 2 is 10k, and r1 is 31. 25 k. inductor the inductor is required to supply constant current to the output load while being driven by the switched input voltage. a larger value inductor will result in less ripple current that will result in lower output rip ple voltage. however, the larger value inductor will have a larger physical size, higher series resistance, and/or lower saturation current. a good rule for determining the inductance to use is to allow the peak - to - peak ripple current in the inductor to be approximately 30% of the maximum switch current limit. also, make sure that the peak inductor current is below the maximum switch current limit. the inductance value can be calculated by: out out osc l in vv l1 f iv ?? = ? ?? ?? where v in is the input voltage, f osc is the 1.4mhz switching frequency, and i l is the peak - to - peak inductor ripple current. choose an inductor that will not saturate under the maximum inductor peak current. the peak inductor current can be calculated by: out out lp load osc in vv ii 1 2f l v ?? = + ? ?? ?? i load is the load current. output rectifier diode the output rectifier diode supplies the current to the inductor when the high - side switch is off. to reduce losses due to the diode forward voltage and recovery times, use a schottky diode. choose a diode whose maximum reverse voltage rating is greater than the maximum input voltage, and whose current rating is greater than the maximum load current. table 1 lists example schottky diodes and manufacturers. table 1. diode selection guide diode voltage, current rating manufacturer sk33 30v, 3a diodes inc. sk34 40v, 3 a diodes inc. b330 30v, 3 a diodes inc. b340 40v, 3a diodes inc. mbrs330 30v, 3 a on semiconductor mbrs340 40v, 3 a on semiconductor input capacitor the input current to the step - down converter is discontinuous, therefore a capacitor is required to supply the ac current to the step - down converter while maintaining the dc input voltage. use low esr capacitors for the best performance. ceramic capacitors are recommended. since the input capacitor abso rbs the input switching current , it requires an adequate ripple current rating. the rms current in the input capacitor can be estimated by: out out rms load in in vv ii 1 vv ?? = ? ?? ?? the worst - case condition occurs at v in = 2v out , where: load rms(max) i i 2 = for simplification, choose the input capacitor whose rms current rating is greater than half of the maximum load current. a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 9 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com application information (continued) the input capacitor can be electrolytic, tantalum or ceramic. when using electrolytic or tantalum capacitors, a small, high quality ceramic capacitor, i.e. 0.1f, should be placed as close to the ic as possible. when using ceramic capacitors, make sure that they have enough capacitance to provide sufficient charge to prevent excessive voltage ripple at input. the input voltage ripple caused by capacitance can be estimated by: load out out in osc in in i n iv v v1 f cv v ?? = ? ?? ?? c in is the input capacitance value. output capacitor the output capacitor (c out ) is required to maintain the dc output voltage. ceramic, tantalum, or low esr electrolytic capacitors are recommended. low esr capacitors are preferred to keep the output voltage ripple low. the output voltage ripple can be estimated by: out out out esr osc i n osc out vv 1 v 1r f l v 8f c ?? ?? = ? + ?? ?? ?? ?? where l is the inductor value, c out is the output capacitance value, and r esr is the equivalent series resistance (esr) value of the output capacitor. in the case of ceramic capacitors, the impedance at the switching frequency is dominated by the capacitance. the output voltage ripple is mainly caused by the capacitance. for simplification, the output voltage ripple can be estimated by: out out out 2 osc o ut in vv v1 8f lc v ?? = ? ?? ?? in the case of tantalum or electrolytic capacitors, the esr dominates the impedance at the switching frequency. for simplification, the output ripple can be approximated to: out out out esr osc in vv v 1r fl v ?? = ? ?? ?? the characteristics of the output capacitor also affect the stability of the regulation system. the sgm6232 can be optimized for a wide range of capacitance and esr values. compensation components sgm6232 employs current mode control for easy compensation and fast transient response. the system stability and transient response are controlled through the comp pin. comp pin is the output of the i nternal transconductance error amplifier. a serial capacitor and resistor combination sets a pole - zero combination to control the characteristics of the control system . the dc gain of the voltage feedback loop is given by: fb vdc load cs ea out v a r ga v = where a ea is the error amplifier voltage gain, 10000 v/v , g cs is the current sense transconductance, 6.2 a/v , and r load is the load resistor value. the system has two poles of importance. one is due to the compensation capacitor (c3) and the output resistor of error amplifier, and the other is due to the output capacitor and the load resistor. these poles are located at: ea p1 ea g f 2 c3 a = p2 out load 1 f 2 cr = g ea is the error amplifier transconductance, 800a/v. the system has one zero of importance, due to the compensation capacitor (c3) and the compensation resistor (r3). this zero is located at: r3c32 1 f z1 = the system may have another zero of importance, if the output capacitor has a large capacitance and/or a high esr value. the zero, due to the esr and capacitance of the output capacitor, is located at: esr out esr 1 f 2 cr = in this case, a third pole set by the compensation capacitor (c6) and the compensation resistor (r3) is used to compensate the effect of the esr zero on the loop gain. this pole is located at: r3c62 1 f p3 = a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 10 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com application information (continued) the goal of compensation design is to shape the converter transfer function to get a desired loop gain. the system crossover frequency where the feedback loop has the unity gain is important. lower crossover frequencies result in slower line and load transient responses, while higher crossover frequencies could cause system unstable. a good rule o f thumb is to set the crossover frequency to approximately one - thirtieth of the switching frequency. switching frequency for the sgm6232 is 1.4m hz, so the desired crossover frequency is around 47 khz. table 2 lists the typical values of compensation compone nts for some standard output voltages with various output capacitors and inductors. the values of the compensation components have been optimized for fast transient responses and good stability at given conditions. table 2. compensation values for typical output voltage/capacitor combinations v out (v) l (h) c out (f) r3 (k) c3 (nf) r1 (k) r2 (k) 0.8 2.2 47/222 1.2 3.3 0 10.5 1.2 2.2 47/222 3 3.3 4.99 10 1.8 2.2 47/222 3.9 3.3 10.2 8.2 2.5 2.2 - 4.7 47/222 6.49 4.7 22.6 10.7 3.3 2.2 - 4.7 47/222 10 5.6 33 10.5 5 4.7 - 6.8 47/222 15 4.7 52.3 10 12 6.8 - 10 47/222 39 2.2 140 10 in bs sw fb comp gnd ss en sgm6232 c5 10nf input enable output c4 0.1f r3 r2 r1 l c3 c in 10f 2 c out c6 optional d1 b340a r4 10 or shorted figure 2. t ypical application circu it to optimize the compensation components for conditions not listed in table 2 , the following procedure can be used. 1. choose the compensation resistor (r3) to set the desired crossover frequency. determine the r3 value by the following equation: out c out ea cs fb 2 c fv r3 gg v uu u u where f c is the desired crossover frequency (which typically has a value no higher than 47 khz). 2. choose the compensation capacitor (c3) to achieve the desired phase margin. for applications with typical inductor values, setting the compensation zero, f z1 , below one - forth of the crossover frequency provides sufficient phase margin. determine the c3 value by the following equation: c fr32 4 c3 uu where, r3 is the compensation resistor value and f c is the desired crossover frequency, 47 khz. 3. determine if the second compensation capacitor (c6) is required. it is required if the esr zero of the output capacitor is located at less than half of the 1.4m hz switching frequency, or the following relationship is valid: osc out esr f 1 2 cr 2 uu where , c out is the output capacitance value, r esr is the esr value of the output capacitor, and f osc is the 1.4m hz switching frequency. if this is the case, then add the second compensation capacitor (c6) to set the pole f p3 at the location of the esr zero. determine the c6 value by the equation: out esr cr c6 r3 u where, c out is the output capacitance value, r esr is the esr value of the output capacitor, and r3 is the compensation resistor. a ll data sheet.com
sgm 6232 2a, 38v, 1.4mhz step - down converter 11 july 201 5 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com revision history note: page numbers for previous revisions may differ from page numbers in the current version. j uly 201 5 ? rev.a.1 to rev.a.2 change typical application and input capacitor ............................................................................................................................................... 1 , 8 july 201 4 ? rev.a to rev.a.1 add a 10 resistor between sw and bs pin in typical application ............................................................................................................ 1 , 3, 10 changes from original ( april 2010 ) to rev.a changed from product preview to production data ............................................................................................................................................. all a ll data sheet.com
package information tx00013.000 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com package outline dimensions soic - 8 (exposed pad) symbol dimensions in millimeters dimensions in inches min max min max a 1.7 00 0.06 7 a1 0.0 00 0.1 00 0.00 0 0.0 04 a2 1.350 1.550 0.053 0.061 b 0.330 0.510 0.013 0.020 c 0.170 0.250 0.00 7 0.010 d 4.700 5.100 0.185 0.20 1 d1 3.202 3.402 0.126 0.134 e 3.800 4.000 0.150 0.157 e1 5.800 6.200 0.228 0.24 4 e2 2.313 2.513 0.091 0.099 e 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc l 0.400 1.270 0.016 0.050 0 8 0 8 d e e1 e b a a2 a1 c l e2 d1 3.302 2.413 0.61 1.27 1.91 5.56 recommended land pattern (unit: mm) a ll data sheet.com
package information tx10000.000 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com tape and reel information note: the picture is only for reference. please make the object as the standard. key parameter list of tape and reel package type reel diameter reel width w1 (mm) a0 (mm) b0 (mm) k0 (mm) p0 (mm) p1 (mm) p2 (mm) w (mm) pin1 quadrant dd0001 soic - 8 (exposed pad) 13 12.4 6.4 0 5.4 0 2.1 0 4.0 8.0 2.0 12.0 q1 reel width (w1) reel diameter reel dimensions tape dimensions direction of feed p2 p0 w p1 a0 k0 b0 q1 q2 q4 q3 q3 q4 q2 q1 q3 q4 q2 q1 a ll data sheet.com
package information tx20000.000 sg micro corp www.sg- micro.com carton box dimensions note: the picture is only for reference. please make the object as the standard. key parameter list of carton box reel type length (mm) width (mm) height (mm) pizza/carton dd0002 13 386 280 370 5 a ll data sheet.com

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